# Lesson Plan: Prelude to Apartheid
**Grade Level:** Senior Secondary 3
**Course:** History
**Duration:** 90 minutes
**Topic:** Prelude to Apartheid
**Objective:**
- Students will understand the historical context leading up to the establishment of apartheid in South Africa.
- Students will be able to identify key events and policies that contributed to the rise of apartheid.
- Students will analyze the social, political, and economic conditions that laid the groundwork for apartheid.
### Materials Needed:
- Textbook/Handouts on the history of South Africa
- Projector and screen
- PowerPoint slides
- Whiteboard and markers
- Internet access for research
- Notebooks and pens
### Lesson Outline:
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
- **Greeting and Attendance:** Briefly greet the students and take attendance.
- **Hook:** Begin with a provocative question: "What images and ideas come to your mind when you hear the word 'apartheid'?"
- **Objective Overview:** Explain the objectives of the lesson.
#### Direct Instruction (25 minutes)
- **Historical Background (7 minutes):**
- Discuss the early European colonization of South Africa (Dutch and British influence).
- Mention the significant impact of events such as the Great Trek and Anglo-Zulu Wars.
- **Labor and Segregation Policies (10 minutes):**
- Introduce labor migration, the discovery of diamonds and gold, and how these influenced racial segregation.
- Discuss policies like the 1913 Natives Land Act and 1923 Native (Urban Areas) Act, framing them as precursors to apartheid.
- **Political Movements (8 minutes):**
- Highlight the emergence of political movements such as the African National Congress (ANC).
- Explain the role of key figures like Cecil Rhodes and other politicians in shaping racial policies.
#### Multimedia Presentation (15 minutes)
- **PowerPoint/Documentary Clip (10 minutes):**
- Show a brief documentary clip or PowerPoint presentation featuring images, videos, and maps illustrating the pre-apartheid era.
- **Class Discussion (5 minutes):**
- Facilitate a discussion prompted by the multimedia. Ask students what they observed and how the visuals helped them understand the era better.
#### Group Activity (25 minutes)
- **Group Work (20 minutes):**
- Divide the class into small groups. Assign each group a key event, policy, or figure related to the prelude to apartheid.
- Each group will research their topic using handouts, textbooks, and available internet resources, then prepare a short presentation.
- **Group Presentations (5 minutes):**
- Each group will present their findings to the class in a 1-2 minute summary.
#### Individual Activity (10 minutes)
- **Reflective Writing:**
- Ask students to individually write a brief essay on "How did the socio-political landscape of early 20th-century South Africa set the stage for apartheid?"
#### Assessment and Review (5 minutes)
- **Q&A Session:**
- Open the floor for any questions and recap the crucial points discussed during the lesson.
- **Exit Ticket:**
- Have students write down one important thing they learned and one question they still have, which will be collected as they leave.
#### Assign Homework (5 minutes)
- **Reading Assignment:**
- Assign a reading from the textbook on the early years of apartheid (1948-1960) to prepare for the next class.
- **Homework Essay:**
- Ask students to write an essay about the economic factors that contributed to the establishment of apartheid.
**Conclusion:**
- Summarize the key points of the lesson and remind students of the importance of understanding historical context to grasp the complex nature of modern societal issues.
**Note:**
Adapt time and format slightly based on class size, student engagement level, and available resources.